Voice disorders linked to higher dementia risk in large study

New research indicates that voice disorders, characterized by shifts in vocal pitch, volume, or clarity, may signal a higher probability of developing dementia or cognitive impairment. A study conducted by a team at the Drexel University College of Medicine in Philadelphia examined this connection among 833,417 participants aged 50 and older. The findings were published in the Journal of Voice.

The analysis measured the chance of developing cognitive impairment or dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, beginning one year after diagnoses of voice disorders and hearing loss. Participants who had a voice disorder but no hearing loss showed a 58% increased likelihood of developing dementia or cognitive issues. Those with both a voice disorder and hearing loss had a 104% chance. Across all participants with voice disorders, regardless of hearing status, there was a 29% increased probability of developing dementia or cognitive impairment. In contrast, participants with only hearing loss had a 27% greater risk.

Robert Sataloff, a professor and chair at the Drexel University College of Medicine, noted that the strongest link with dementia appeared among patients experiencing both conditions. "We found the strongest link with dementia among patients experiencing a voice disorder and hearing loss," Sataloff said, as reported by Science Alert. He added that individuals with a voice disorder and no hearing loss were at greater risk than those with hearing loss alone.

The Cleveland Clinic identifies examples of voice disorders as laryngitis, vocal cord paralysis, vocal cord lesions, and spasmodic dysphonia. Researchers suggested that seeking treatment for these conditions could benefit brain health. Hearing loss and trouble speaking may discourage socializing, and studies have shown that social engagement can stimulate the brain and help ward off dementia. Sataloff described it as "only natural" for voice disorders and hearing loss to connect to cognitive impairment, noting that those experiencing pain or discomfort when talking or singing might participate less often in brain-supporting activities.

The study's findings do not mean that future cognitive impairment is certain for anyone with a voice disorder. Vocal issues do not guarantee the beginning of a decline in brain function or the onset of dementia or Alzheimer's disease.